BRCA2

{{Protbox codes

  |Symbol=BRCA2 
  |AltSymbols=
  |Chromosome=13
  |Locus=13q12-q13
  |AApre=3418 
  |AApro=---
  |HGNCid=1101
  |Codes=EntrezGene675, RefSeqNM_000059, UniProtP51587, OMIM600185

}} </table>

BRCA2 is a humangenethat is involved in the repair of chromosomaldamage and belongs to a class of genes known as tumor suppressor genes. Tumor suppressor genes regulate the cycle of cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way.

Although the structures of the BRCA1and BRCA2 genes are very different, their functions appear to be similar. The proteinsmade by both genesare essential for repairing damaged DNA. The BRCA2 protein binds to and regulates the protein produced by the RAD51gene to fix breaks in DNA. These breaks can be caused by natural and medical radiation or other environmental exposures, but also occur when chromosomes exchange genetic material during a special type of cell division that creates sperm and eggs (meiosis). The BRCA1 protein also interacts with the RAD51 protein. By repairing DNA, these three proteins play a role in maintaining the stability of the human genome.

Like BRCA1, BRCA2 probably regulates the activity of other genes and plays a critical role in embryo development.

The BRCA2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 13at position 12.3, from base pair31,787,616 to base pair 31,871,804.

Related conditions

Certain variations of the BRCA2 gene cause an increased risk for breast cancer. Researchers have identified about 450 mutations in the BRCA2 gene, many of which cause an increased risk of cancer. BRCA2 mutations are usually insertions or deletions of a small number of DNA base pairs (the building material of chromosomes) in the gene. As a result of these mutations, the protein product of the BRCA2 gene is abnormally short and does not function properly. Researchers believe that the defective BRCA2 protein is unable to help fix mutations that occur in other genes. As a result, mutations build up and can cause cells to divide in an uncontrolled way and form a tumor.

People who have two mutated copies of the BRCA2 gene have one type of Fanconi anemia. This condition is caused by extremely reduced levels of the BRCA2 protein in cells, which allows the accumulation of damaged DNA. Patients with Fanconi anemia are prone to several types of leukemia(a type of blood cell cancer); solid tumors, particularly of the head, neck, skin, and reproductive organs; and bone marrow suppression(reduced blood cell production that leads to anemia).

In addition to breast cancer in men and women, mutations in BRCA2 also lead to an increased risk of ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. In particular, mutations in the central part of the gene have been associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancerand a lower risk of prostate cancerthan mutations in other parts of the gene. As mutations build up, they can cause cells to divide in an uncontrolled way and form a tumor. Several other types of cancer have also been seen in families with BRCA2 mutations.

See also

• BRCA1
• DNA repair
• cancer

References

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External links

• "Role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 as regulators of DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle in response to DNA damage" by Kiyotsugu Yoshida and Yoshio Miki (2004) [1].
• EntrezGene675
• GeneCardpl:BRCA2

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA2 Wikipedia article BRCA2.