Cytokine release syndrome

Cytokine release syndrome is an common immediate complication occurring with the use of anti-T cellantibodyinfusions such as ATGand OKT3.

The pathogenesis is that the antibodiesbind to the T cellreceptor, activating the T cells before they are destroyed. The cytokinesreleased by the activated T cells produce a type of systemic inflammatory responsesimilar to that found in severe infectioncharacterised by hypotension, pyrexiaand rigors. The patient feels very unwell, as if in a high fever– indeed, the cytokine release syndrome is effectively a type of non-infective fever.

Deaths due to cytokine release syndrome with OKT3 have been reported, and it can cause life-threatening pulmonary oedemaif the patient is fluid overloaded. However, if treated appropriately it is usually not dangerous, just extremely unpleasant for the patient.

The effect is greatly reduced by intravenous administration of an anti-histamine(such as chlorpheniramine) and a corticosteroid(such as hydrocortisone) prior to starting the ATG/OKT3 infusion, with further doses of anti-histamine and steroid given during the infusion if necessary.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine+release+syndrome Wikipedia article Cytokine release syndrome.