Kostmann syndrome
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Kostmann syndrome also known as Severe Congenital Neutropenia (SCN) is a rare inherited form of Severe Chronic Neutropenia usually detected soon after birth. It was discovered in 1956 by Swedish doctor Kostmann. An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) chronically less than 500/mm3 is the main sign of Kostmann's. A standard bone marrow test can give correct diagnosis.Morphology: bone marrow usually shows the presence of early granulocytes (promyelocyte/myelocyte arrest) but few maturing forms are seen; neutrophil survival is normal. Pathophysiology: though the underlying genetic defect in myeloid precursor cells is not entirely elucidated, mutations in the gene (ELA2) encoding neutrophil elastase appear to be present in most patients. These mutations may be responsible for the untimely initiation of apoptosis in myelocytes, producing their premature destruction, and interrupting the normal cycle of maturation. There may be, in addition, other underlying molecular/genetic changes producing DNA mutations and genome instability, which contribute to initiation and progression of this disease.
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